Cell Processing

This paper discusses what is actually behind these announcements and how an evolutionary industry sector such as PVis becoming, it seems, decidedly revolutionary with large jumps in efficiency.

This paper presents an analysis and the results of extensive simulations of the efficiency limits and roadmap to 25.5% of a tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cell, on the basis of an efficiency level of 25.21% (designed area, identified by ISFH) achieved through three years of continuous technical optimization on a pilot line at Longi.

The development of new ways of increasing the production throughput for passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs), as the major solar cell technology in the global market, is an area of great interest to the PV community. This paper presents approaches for significantly increasing the throughput of PERC production processes. The main focus is on the tube furnace processes for the emitter formation and oxidation, with the introduction of the High Temperature Stack Oxidation (HiTSOx) approach. Additional approaches that are currently under investigation at Fraunhofer ISE for increasing the throughput for wet-chemical, printing and laser processes will also be briefly outlined.

The holy grail of every solar cell producer is the creation of a lowcost interdigitated back-contact (IBC) solar cell with an efficiency greater than 25%, a goal that can be found in almost every roadmap presentation. In this paper it will be shown that we are not far away from achieving this target, since IBC devices, with different process complexities, are already in production at several companies.

This paper will accordingly outline the recent activities at CEA-INES concerning the development and understanding of the integration of such shingle cells.

In this paper, an even greater reduction in wafer thickness, down to 130μm, is evaluated, and the critical steps in terms of breakage rates in cell and module production processes are reviewed. Finally, the mechanical stability and reliability of these thin HJT cells in glass–backsheet and glass–glass module types are addressed.

This paper provides a short overview of historical developments, presents the main approaches in mass production today, discusses potential process simplifications, and briefly touches upon a key topic for the future, namely reducing the silver (Ag) consumption per cell.

This paper presents preliminary results of SERIS’ biPolyTM cell: the bifacial application of polysiliconbased passivating contact stacks with front and rear screen-printed and fired metallization.

This work reports the latest results obtained at Jolywood for full-area (251.99cm2) n-type bifacial passivating-contact solar cells using a cost-effective process with industrially-feasible boron diffusion, phosphorus ion implantation and low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) with in situ oxidation.

This paper reviews the key technology improvements which have enabled a continuous 0.5%abs/year increase in efficiency of industrial PERC and PERC+ cells.